Tuning is the process of adjusting the pitch of one or many tones from musical instruments to establish typical intervals between these tones. Tuning is usually based on a fixed reference, such as A = 440 Hz. Out of tune refers to a pitch/tone that is either too high (sharp) or too low (flat) in relation to a given reference pitch. You can adjust the tuning of your instrument by pushing in (when flat) or pulling out (when sharp).

or

        Push In                 Pull Out

Now, we will look at the two common ways to tune.